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OBJECTIVE: Following the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the importance of addressing acute stress induced by psychological burdens of diseases became apparent. This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new mode of psychiatric intervention designed to target similar psychological crises. METHODS: Participants included 32 out of 114 COVID inpatients at a hospital in Daegu, Korea, who were assessed between March 30 and April 7, 2020. Multiple scales for screening psychological difficulties such as depressed mood, anxiety, insomnia, acute stress, and suicidality were done. Psychological problem evaluations and interventions were conducted in the form of consultations to alleviate participants' psychological challenges via telepsychiatry. The interventions' effects, as well as clinical improvements before and after the intervention, were analyzed. RESULTS: As a result of screening, 21 patients were experiencing psychological difficulties beyond clinical thresholds after COVID-19 infection (screening positive group). The remaining 11 were screening negative groups. The two groups differed significantly in past psychiatric histories (p=0.034), with the former having a higher number of diagnoses. The effect of the intervention was analyzed, and clinical improvement before and after the intervention was observed. Our intervention was found to be effective in reducing the overall emotional difficulties. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the usefulness of new interventions required in the context of healthcare following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has propelled a global paradigm shift in how psychological support is delivered. Remote delivery, through phone and video calls, is now commonplace around the world. However, most adoption of remote delivery methods is occurring without any formal training to ensure safe and effective care. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this applied qualitative study was to determine practitioners' experiences of rapidly adapting to deliver psychological support remotely during COVID-19. DESIGN: We used a pragmatic paradigm and applied approach to gain perspectives related to the feasibility and perceived usefulness of synchronous remote psychological support, including views on how practitioners can be prepared. METHODS: Key informant interviews were conducted remotely with 27 specialist and non-specialist practitioners in Nepal, Perú and the USA. Interviewees were identified through purposeful sampling. Data were analysed using framework analysis. RESULTS: Respondents revealed three key themes: (i) Remote delivery of psychological support raises unique safety concerns and interference with care, (ii) Remote delivery enhances skills and expands opportunities for delivery of psychological support to new populations, and (iii) New training approaches are needed to prepare specialist and non-specialist practitioners to deliver psychological support remotely. CONCLUSIONS: Remote psychological support is feasible and useful for practitioners, including non-specialists, in diverse global settings. Simulated remote role plays may be a scalable method for ensuring competency in safe and effective remotely-delivered care.
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Objective: To investigate mental health status of first-line healthcare workers in designated hospitals for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) under the Delta strain outbreak, so as to provide a basis for the implementation of effective countermeasures. Methods: We conducted an online survey on mental health status among 227 first-line medical staff treating COVID-19 patients in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital during the period from September 4 to 6, 2021 using Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results：The surveyed first-line medical staff had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than the national norms (P<0. 01), and among them, 54 (23. 70%) individuals had anxiety, 33(14. 5%) had depressive emotions, and 26 (11. 5%) had both. Nurses or female staff scored significantly higher than clinicians or male staff for anxiety and depression (P<0. 01). Married or middle-aged and young (30 to 45 years old) first-line medical staff had the relatively high scores of depression and anxiety (P<0. 01). Anxiety and depression of medical staff were associated with the time of working in the first-line, and those who continued to work 10-20 days had the relatively high scores of depression and anxiety (P<0. 05). Conclusion: In the face of SARS-CoV -2 Delta variant outbreak, the first-line medical staff still had negative mentality, such as anxiety and depression, psychological intervention support system should be established in order to help improve the level of the first-line medical staff's mental health and improve the working condition. © 2022 Editorial Board of Medical Journal of Wuhan University. All rights reserved.
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Online psychological interventions (OPI) are evidence-based programs that provide mental health treatment over the internet. Meta-analytic data suggests that OPI's effectively treat emotional symptomatology. RNT-focused ACT consider psychological inflexibility and RNT as trans-diagnostic process that significantly predict emotional symptomatology. The present study analyzed the effect of a self-help OPI which contents have previously shown content validity, user feasibility and effectivity. This is an open trial design with repeated measures of emotional symptomatology and behavioral change processes. Bayesian analysis of variance for repeated measures was conducted with JASP for each variable, Bayes Factors (BF10) determined how much the evidence favored OPI effect. Effect sizes, reliable and significant change and moderation analyses were also conducted. 18 cisgender women around 30 years old mostly heterosexual, single and unemployed finished the OPI. There is decisive evidence for OPI effect on emotional symptomatology and behavioral change processes (experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion and RNT). There is also anecdotal evidence for the moderating role of the number of hierarchical RNT triggers ( private events), their type and intimate partner relationship distress as well as anecdotal evidence against the moderating role of being a psychologist. Results need to be considered in the context of the study limitations and future research should explore the program's feasibility and effect in other populations and cultures. However, the program is feasible and efficacious for the treatment of emotional symptomatology at least for young cisgender women in Colombia.
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OBJECTIVE: The prolonged coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to cause psychological distress in people. This systematic review aimed to identify the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-based psychological intervention among individuals with psychological distress during the COVID-19 crisis. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published until July 2022. METHODS: The available citations were deduplicated and screened by two authors using the title and abstract information. Eligibility criteria were constructed according to the PICOT guidelines. Empirical studies of all designs and comparator groups were included if they appraised the impact of an immersive VR intervention on any standardized measure indicative of psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms) or improvements in quality of life in participants, including COVID-19 patients, medical staff working with COVID-19 patients, and people who had experienced strict social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The results were discussed using a narrative synthesis because of the heterogeneity between studies. Seven of the studies met the inclusion criteria. There were two randomized controlled trials and five uncontrolled studies on VR interventions. CONCLUSION: All studies reported significant improvement in a wide range of psychological distress during COVID-19, ranging from stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms to quality of life, supporting the efficacy of VR-based psychological intervention. Our results suggest that VR intervention has potential to ameliorate COVID-19-related psychological distress with efficacy and safety.
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Healthcare professionals were especially vulnerable to pandemic, both to become infected and to develop a psychological problem. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the effectiveness of psychological interventions for healthcare professionals in reducing the experienced psychological impact. From the 405 identified studies, 10 were included in this review. Four databases were searched and the risk of bias of included studies was assessed. The studies considered were randomized controlled trials. The screening and selection process was conducted by two independent reviewers. All studies presented results related with depression, anxiety, and stress during pandemic. Six were delivered using new technologies. The most effective were two psychological interventions with frequent contact and feedback provided by a mental health professional. The psychological interventions compared with non-intervention groups presented more significant results than those compared with another intervention. The highlights of this systematic review were the urgency of designing effectiveness psychological interventions for healthcare professionals to reduce the emotional burden associate with this job. These interventions should be maintained over the time, supported by a professional and provided from the workplace. These proposals presented promising results but were more psychological resources than psychological interventions.
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AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate a brief positive psychological intervention with regard to the mental health of nursing staff in German hospitals. It addresses the question of how positive-psychological online exercises should be designed. BACKGROUND: Nurses in hospitals are known to suffer from mental strain and risk depressive as well as anxiety disorders. The covid-19-pandemic leads to a further aggravation of the situation. Opposed to that, positive psychological interventions can increase resilience by promoting self-management competences and mental strength. RESEARCH METHODS: A 90 min positive-psychological workshop was conducted with six nurses who worked in German hospitals. It consisted of imparting knowledge on positive psychology and learning different positive psychological practices. Afterwards, guideline-based interviews were conducted with six nurses. The outcomes of interest were how the intervention was evaluated, to what extent the intervention led to a reflection and a promotion of self-management competences and whether it allowed the participants to transfer the learnings into everyday life. RESULTS: The intervention led to a reflection of the application competence of positive-psychological techniques by the participating nurses. A promotion of the competences could not be reached. Especially the reflection and promotion of humour competence manifested itself as difficult. CONCLUSION: Despite its short-term nature, the online intervention resulted in a reflection of the nurses' application competence of positive psychology indicating its resource-promoting potential. Follow-up exercises or peer groups should be used for further development, while a training of humour competence might be part of a separate intervention.
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COVID-19 , Internet-Based Intervention , Nursing Staff , Humans , Nursing Staff/psychology , Mental Health , LearningABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Feeding and eating disorders are associated with significant illness burden and costs, yet access to evidence-based care is limited. Low intensity psychological interventions have the potential to increase such access. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the use of low intensity psychological interventions for the treatment of feeding and eating disorders. Studies comparing low intensity psychological interventions against high intensity therapies and non-eating disorder specific psychological interventions were included, as well as those with waiting list control arms. There were three primary outcomes: eating disorder psychopathology, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) severity specifier-related outcomes and rates of remission/recovery. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 3665 participants, and 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to high intensity therapies, low intensity psychological interventions were equivalent on reducing eating disorder psychopathology (g = - 0.13), more effective at improving DSM severity specifier-related outcomes (g = - 0.15), but less likely to achieve remission/recovery (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70). Low intensity psychological interventions were superior to non-eating disorder specific psychological interventions and waiting list controls across all three primary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Overall, findings suggest that low intensity psychological interventions can successfully treat eating disorder symptoms. Few potential moderators had a statistically significant effect on outcome. The number of studies for many comparisons was low and the methodological quality of the studies was poor, therefore results should be interpreted with caution. More research is needed to establish the effectiveness of low intensity psychological interventions for children and young people, as well as for individuals with anorexia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, pica and rumination disorder.
Feeding and eating disorders can significantly impair health and psychosocial functioning. However, demand for eating disorder services is greater than services' ability to deliver effective treatment. Low intensity psychological interventions, which are brief in nature and require less therapist input than standard treatments, have the potential to bridge this demand-capacity gap. The current review examined the effectiveness of low intensity psychological interventions for the treatment of feeding and eating disorders. Overall, findings suggest that low intensity psychological interventions can successfully treat eating disorder symptoms, particularly binge eating-related symptoms. Given their relatively low costs and ease of accessibility, such interventions can help people to access treatment at a time when this is so desperately needed. More research is needed to determine the value of low intensity psychological interventions for children and adolescents, and people with feeding and eating disorders that are not characterised by recurrent binge eating, such as anorexia nervosa, ARFID, pica and rumination disorder.
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Background: Many human mobility restrictions have been adopted during the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Here we explored the effects of psychological interventions on the mental health status of medical students under the regular prevention and control of the pandemic. Methods: By voluntarily participating in interest groups, 121 third-year medical undergraduate students in a university in Jiangsu Province underwent psychological interventions for 1 year. Their mental status was assessed by using Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Somatic Self-rating Scale (SSS) before and after the interventions. Psychological coping styles were compared by using the trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ). Each assessment scale is evaluated every 3 months, with the first survey results as the baseline data and compared with the last results. The resulting data was passed by SPSS 23 0 for normal testing and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: During the regular response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms was 25.62% vs. 7.44%, 28.93% vs. 18.18%, and 21.49% vs. 9.92%, respectively, before and after psychological interventions (all P<0.05). The positive (31.73±4.26 vs. 38.26±3.72) and negative (27.69±3.19 vs. 20.73±2.8) coping styles significantly differed before and after intervention (both P<0.05). Conclusions: Varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms can occur in medical students during the regular response to COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the impact of public health emergencies on college students. Interest group-based psychological intervention, along with individual mental health counseling, can positively promote the mental health of college students and effectively improve their anxiety.
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Meta-analyses indicate that positive psychological interventions are effective at increasing positive affect, as well as reducing anxiety and depression; however, it is unclear how well these effects generalize during periods of high stress. Therefore, the current study tested whether a 2-week online positive psychological intervention delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic, a naturalistic stressor, (1) increased positive affect; (2) improved psychological well-being, optimism, life satisfaction, perceived social support, and loneliness; (3) and reduced negative affect in college students, a group known to have high pandemic distress. Participants (N = 250; 76.9% female) ages 18-45 were recruited from the University of Pittsburgh undergraduate subject pool between September and November of 2020. Participants were randomized to the online positive psychological intervention or active control condition and stratified by trait positive affect, sex, and year in college. Participants in both conditions completed one writing activity every other day for two consecutive weeks. Control participants documented their activities for that day (e.g., meals, going to gym). Intervention participants chose from six positive psychology activities. All outcome variables were assessed pre- and post-intervention by validated questionnaires. Across both conditions, positive and negative affect decreased from pre- to post-intervention. No other psychological factor differed by condition, time, or their interaction. The current null findings are in line with a more recent meta-analysis indicating that positive psychological interventions may have smaller effects on psychological well-being and depressive symptoms than was reported pre-pandemic. Study findings may suggest reduced efficacy of virtual positive psychological interventions under highly stressful circumstances. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00148-z.
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Online game addiction and psychological distress are two continuously developing problems in the Philippines, with Filipinos aged 18 to 24 being the second largest age group to overuse interactive online-related games. This sequential explanatory mixed method study aimed to assess the young adults' gaming addiction and perceived psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the other factors contributing to the respondents' frequent engagement in online interactive games, which served as a basis for a preventive intervention program. The researcher administered the survey questionnaires of the Gaming Addiction Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 to 399 young adults aged 18–24 and a semi-structured interview guide to 20 addicted and non-addicted gamers. Key results showed that a small percentage of the respondents experienced polythetic and serious monothetic addiction to interactive online games. In contrast, half of the respondents manifested mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Major findings also found no significant gender differences in the level of online game addiction and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a moderate level of relationship substantiated the association. Further results revealed that the negative compensatory factors were associated with addicted gamers' frequent engagement with online games, whereas non-addicted gamers were associated with positive, beneficial factors. This phenomenon has hardly ever been the focus of in-depth research, and the results of this study can be used to further refine the conceptualization of "internet gaming disorder” as a mental disorder and develop a more comprehensive treatment method. © 2023 The Author(s).
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Purpose: COVID-19 patients faced first-hand the life-threatening consequences of the disease, oftentimes involving prolonged hospitalization in isolation from family and friends. This study aimed at describing the psychological intervention to address the psychological difficulties and issues encountered by the hospitalized post-acute COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation setting. Patients and Methods: Patients' demographics, medical diagnosis, and neuropsychological information were collected from March 2nd to May 12th, 2020. The main psychological issues and intervention strategies were collected. Results: A total of 181 patients were hospitalized during this period. Among them, the 47.5% underwent psychological assessment (N = 86;age: 74.58 +/- 13.39;54.7% females). The most common psychological issues were acute stress disorders (18.6%), anxious and demoralization symptoms (26.7%), depression (10.5%%), and troublesome grief (8.1%). Once recovered from COVID-19, many patients were discharged home (38.4%), some received further rehabilitation in non-COVID-19 wards (41.9%), mostly due to pre-existent diseases (72.2%) rather than to COVID-19 complications (27.8%). Conclusion: A great number of the hospitalized post-acute COVID-19 patients showed psychological issues requiring psychological intervention, the most common were anxiety, demoralization, acute stress, depression, and grief. The proposed psychological treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients was conducted in a Cognitive Behavioral framework. In particular, during the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological intervention is an important part of rehabilitation in the post-acute phase of the illness to reduce distress symptoms and improve psychological health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Since February 9th, 2020, the mobile CT in Jianghan mobile cabin hospital had begun to be used for scanning patients with COVID-19.The mobile CT has played an irreplaceable role in clinical diagnosis with its unique advantages. During CT scanning, the technicians should not only ensure that the patients receive the radiation dose as low as possible, but also be aware of the importance of the infection prevention and control. Meanwhile, we need concern the technicians about the psychological problems and should take effective action when they occured.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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To investigate the outcomes of men using a community-based suicide prevention service before and during COVID-19 and to understand experiences of therapists for the rapid adaptation and delivery of the service throughout the pandemic. A mixed-methods approach using quantitative and qualitative data to assess the delivery of the intervention before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CORE-34 and CORE-10 Clinical Outcome Measures (CORE-OM) were used pre and post intervention to measure clinical change in psychological distress for the men engaged with the service. Six therapist interviews were used to supplement this data for the purposes of understanding the delivery of the service remotely during the pandemic. Data was collected between 1 August 2018 and 1 November 2021 (n = 1115). Interview data were conducted between March and May 2021. Across the cohort, for men who received therapy before (n = 450) or during the pandemic (n = 665), there was a statistically significant reduction in mean psychological distress scores between assessment and end of treatment (p < 0.001). Therapists adapted to delivering the hybrid model and discussed the barriers and facilitators to working this way. This study highlighted the effectiveness of the James' Place suicide prevention model in saving lives and managing to adapt during a global pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid shift toward remote delivery of psychological interventions and transition to voice-only and video communication platforms. However, agreement is lacking on key competencies that are aligned with equitable approaches for standardized training and supervision of remote psychological intervention delivery. A rapid review was conducted to identify and describe competencies that could inform best practices of remote services delivery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Scopus, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched for literature published in English (2015-2021) on competencies for synchronous, remote psychological interventions that can be measured through observation. RESULTS: Of 135 articles identified, 12 met inclusion criteria. Studies targeted populations in high-income countries (11 in the United States and Canada, one in Saudi Arabia) and focused on specialist practitioners, professionals, or trainees in professional or prelicensure programs working with adult populations. Ten skill categories were identified: emergency and safety protocols for remote services, facilitating communication over remote platforms, remote consent procedures, technological literacy, practitioner-client identification for remote services, confidentiality during remote services, communication skills during remote services, engagement and interpersonal skills for remote services, establishing professional boundaries during remote services, and encouraging continuity of care during remote services. CONCLUSIONS: These 10 skills domains can offer a foundation for refinement of discrete, individual-level competencies that can be aligned with global initiatives promoting use of observational competency assessment during training and supervision programs for psychological interventions. More research is needed on identification of and agreement on remote competencies and on their evaluation.
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COVID-19 , Humans , United States , Pandemics , CanadaABSTRACT
Outbreak updates are an integral part of crisis communication during epidemics. Regarding the COVID-19 crisis communication, localities in China present different strategies for managing outbreak updates, which largely determine the effect of crisis communication and the evolution of social psychology. Depending on the analysis of the update texts from 31 provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) health committees in China, the study found the differences among the provincial outbreak updates and summarizes 12 innovative crisis communication ways. A coupling analysis was applied using the equilibrium-cognitive-psychosocial transition model to further expound on the psychological connotation and intervention potential of the crisis communication innovations. Coupling crisis communication with interventions has a positive effect on designing crisis communication strategies by taking into account psychological factors. It can help construct and optimize the public crisis communication systems and emphasize "care" in modernizing the emergency management capacity.
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Background: Mental health is a global issue requiring global attention. Depression and anxiety are two of the most common mental disorders (CMDs) and are characterized by high incidence and high comorbidity. In recent years, the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbated social instability have posed significant challenges to the mental resilience and mental health outcomes of the global population. Now more than ever, with an increase in mental health needs, it has become even more crucial to find an effective solution to provide universal mental healthcare. Psychotherapy is of vital importance for those coping with symptoms of depression and anxiety and is used to enhance mental resilience. However, such therapy can be difficult to access in reality. In this context, the Micro-Video Psychological Training Camp (MVPTC) platform will be developed. Objectives: As an online self-help platform for psychological intervention, the MVPTC platform was developed for those who suffer from mild to moderate symptoms of depression and/or anxiety and is tasked with the goal of reducing depressive and anxious symptoms while improving mental resilience. Thus, this study will be carried out to verify its efficacy and applicability. Methods: In this parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, a total of 200 mild to moderately depressed and/or anxious adults seeking self-help will be randomly recruited and assigned to either the micro-video psychological intervention group or the wait list control group. Online measurements by self-assessment will be taken at baseline, post-intervention, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up. Results: The primary results will involve symptoms of depression and anxiety. The secondary results will involve mental resilience. An analysis will be conducted based on the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: This trial will examine whether the MVPTC platform for the relief of symptoms and the enhancement of resilience in a population screened for depression and anxiety symptoms proves effective and applicable. Large-scale resilience enhancement may benefit public mental health in terms of preventive interventions, managing depressive and anxiety symptoms, and promoting mental health. With the MVPTC-based method being applied, a brief, efficient, and structured intervention model can potentially be established, having the potential to provide necessary and accessible mental support for an extensive target group. Clinical trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2100043725.
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OBJECTIVE: Brief interventions could reduce adolescents' risk of depression and alcohol-related harms, but evidence of their feasibility and acceptability for low-and middle-income countries is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a feasibility trial of the ASPIRE intervention, a four-session multi-component counselling intervention for South African adolescents. METHOD: We recruited 117 adolescents who met our inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to the ASPIRE intervention or a comparison condition. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, six-week, and three-month post-randomization time points. Primary outcomes were based on feasibility of study procedures and intervention delivery (assessed on seven predetermined progression criteria). Clinical outcomes (risk of depression and alcohol harms) were secondary. RESULTS: Despite modifications to all study procedures arising from Covid-19 restrictions, five of the seven key progression criteria were fully met, including: feasibility of data collection and outcome measures, counsellor competencies, randomization and blinding, adverse advents, and acceptability of the intervention. The progression criterion for recruitment and intervention retention were not fully met. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the ASPIRE intervention was generally feasible to deliver and acceptable to adolescents. However, modifications to the trial design and intervention delivery are needed to optimize the validity of a definitive randomized controlled trial of the ASPIRE intervention.
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One of the major impacts of COVID-19 in the nations is mental health issues. Constant mental health issues can cause disorders, as well as mortality. The growing demand for mental healthcare treatment and limited healthcare resources across the world has shown the need for an inventive framework solution. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Science, 5G, and Information Communication Technology (ICT) have proven to be able to bring many great improvements and could be the potential way forward to develop such a framework. AI could be a very effective tool to help the healthcare sector to provide more efficient services to patients with mental health issues through their emotions. This paper presents the initial overview and outcomes of the ongoing research programme to develop a proactive multimodal emotion AI recognition framework that detects emotion from various input data sources for early detection of mental health illnesses, as well as provides the required psychological interventions effectively and promptly when required. The data will be collected from various smart wearables and ad-hoc devices, facial expressions, and speech signals. Then, these data will be interpreted using AI into emotions. These emotions will be utilised using AI-based psychological system, which will provide immediate and customized interventions, as well as transmit critical data to the healthcare provider's central database system for monitoring and supplying the required treatments. © 2022 The authors and IOS Press.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many art therapists and psychotherapists to change their practice modes and workplace setup. As a creative arts therapy (CAT), drama therapy has also shifted to an online mode-a shift that has been highly consequential for practice. This paper reviews the existing practice of tele-CAT and tele-drama therapy, explores the advantages and disadvantages of online drama therapy as a psychological intervention tool, and puts forward some developmental suggestions for online drama therapy.